fix: Drop TypeMapper from exception and security paths

Mirror PR #76's approach (HealthRenderer) for the problem+json wire shape.
The default exception handler and SecurityFilter no longer route ProblemDetail
through a TypeMapper; a hand-rolled ProblemDetailRenderer writes the fixed
RFC 7807 shape directly, so the library emits problem responses without a
JSON library on the classpath and without record-accessor reflection that
GraalVM Native Image would otherwise need configured.

Also replace the reflective GsonJsonMapper newInstance with a direct
constructor call, still gated by the existing Class.forName Gson-presence
probe. Drops the matching reflect-config entry for the constructor.

Extract the shared JSON string-escape into internal/JsonStrings, used by
both HealthRenderer and ProblemDetailRenderer.

BREAKING CHANGE: Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(TypeMapper) becomes
defaultExceptionHandler(). SecurityFilter constructor drops its
TypeMapper parameter.

Author: thced

src/main/java/com/retailsvc/http/Handlers.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import com.retailsvc.http.internal.ClasspathResourceHandler;
 import com.retailsvc.http.internal.HealthRenderer;
 import com.retailsvc.http.internal.ProblemDetail;
+import com.retailsvc.http.internal.ProblemDetailRenderer;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
@@ -25,19 +26,18 @@ public final class Handlers {
 
   private Handlers() {}
 
-  public static ExceptionHandler defaultExceptionHandler(TypeMapper jsonMapper) {
-    Objects.requireNonNull(jsonMapper, "jsonMapper must not be null");
+  public static ExceptionHandler defaultExceptionHandler() {
     return t ->
         switch (t) {
           case ValidationException ve ->
               Response.bytes(
                   HTTP_BAD_REQUEST,
-                  jsonMapper.writeTo(ProblemDetail.forValidation(ve.error())),
+                  ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(ProblemDetail.forValidation(ve.error())),
                   "application/problem+json");
           case BadRequestException bre ->
               Response.bytes(
                   bre.status(),
-                  jsonMapper.writeTo(ProblemDetail.forBadRequest(bre)),
+                  ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(ProblemDetail.forBadRequest(bre)),
                   "application/problem+json");
           case NotFoundException _ -> Response.notFound();
           case MethodNotAllowedException mna ->

src/main/java/com/retailsvc/http/OpenApiServer.java

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import com.retailsvc.http.internal.Router;
 import com.retailsvc.http.internal.SecurityFilter;
 import com.retailsvc.http.internal.TextTypeMapper;
+import com.retailsvc.http.internal.gson.GsonJsonMapper;
 import com.retailsvc.http.spec.Operation;
 import com.retailsvc.http.spec.Spec;
 import com.retailsvc.http.spec.security.SecurityRequirement;
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ public class OpenApiServer implements AutoCloseable {
   private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8080;
   private static final String JSON = "application/json";
   private static final String GSON_CLASS = "com.google.gson.Gson";
-  private static final String GSON_MAPPER_CLASS = "com.retailsvc.http.internal.gson.GsonJsonMapper";
 
   private final HttpServer httpServer;
   private final int shutdownTimeoutSeconds;
@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ record HandlerConfig(
                 spec.securitySchemes(),
                 spec.security(),
                 handlerConfig.securityValidators(),
-                handlerConfig.externalAuth(),
-                bodyMappers.get(JSON)));
+                handlerConfig.externalAuth()));
     ctx.setHandler(
         new DispatchHandler(
             handlerConfig.handlers(),
@@ -342,9 +341,7 @@ public OpenApiServer build() throws IOException {
       }
       Map<String, TypeMapper> resolved = resolveBodyMappers(bodyMappers);
       ExceptionHandler effectiveExceptionHandler =
-          exceptionHandler != null
-              ? exceptionHandler
-              : Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(resolved.get(JSON));
+          exceptionHandler != null ? exceptionHandler : Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler();
       HandlerConfig handlerConfig =
           new HandlerConfig(
               handlers,
@@ -410,12 +407,7 @@ private static TypeMapper tryLoadGsonMapper() {
       } catch (ClassNotFoundException _) {
         return null;
       }
-      try {
-        Class<?> cls = Class.forName(GSON_MAPPER_CLASS, true, OpenApiServer.class.getClassLoader());
-        return (TypeMapper) cls.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
-      } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to load " + GSON_MAPPER_CLASS, e);
-      }
+      return new GsonJsonMapper();
     }
   }
 }

src/main/java/com/retailsvc/http/internal/HealthRenderer.java

@@ -23,36 +23,12 @@ public static String renderJson(boolean up, List<Dependency> dependencies) {
       }
       Dependency d = dependencies.get(i);
       sb.append("{\"id\":");
-      appendJsonString(sb, d.id());
+      JsonStrings.appendQuoted(sb, d.id());
       sb.append(",\"status\":\"").append(label(d.up())).append("\"}");
     }
     return sb.append("]}").toString();
   }
 
-  private static void appendJsonString(StringBuilder sb, String s) {
-    sb.append('"');
-    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
-      char c = s.charAt(i);
-      switch (c) {
-        case '"' -> sb.append("\\\"");
-        case '\\' -> sb.append("\\\\");
-        case '\b' -> sb.append("\\b");
-        case '\f' -> sb.append("\\f");
-        case '\n' -> sb.append("\\n");
-        case '\r' -> sb.append("\\r");
-        case '\t' -> sb.append("\\t");
-        default -> {
-          if (c < 0x20) {
-            sb.append(String.format("\\u%04x", (int) c));
-          } else {
-            sb.append(c);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    sb.append('"');
-  }
-
   private static String label(boolean up) {
     return up ? "Up" : "Down";
   }

src/main/java/com/retailsvc/http/internal/JsonStrings.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.retailsvc.http.internal;
+
+/**
+ * Minimal JSON string-escape helper shared by the library's hand-rolled JSON writers ({@link
+ * HealthRenderer}, {@link ProblemDetailRenderer}). Lets those renderers emit RFC 8259 compliant
+ * strings without pulling in a JSON library and without record-accessor reflection that GraalVM
+ * Native Image would otherwise need configured.
+ */
+final class JsonStrings {
+
+  /** Codepoints below this value are control characters and must be unicode-escaped. */
+  private static final int FIRST_PRINTABLE_ASCII = 0x20;
+
+  private JsonStrings() {}
+
+  /** Appends {@code value} surrounded by double quotes, with JSON string-escaping applied. */
+  static void appendQuoted(StringBuilder out, String value) {
+    out.append('"');
+    for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
+      char c = value.charAt(i);
+      switch (c) {
+        case '"' -> out.append("\\\"");
+        case '\\' -> out.append("\\\\");
+        case '\b' -> out.append("\\b");
+        case '\f' -> out.append("\\f");
+        case '\n' -> out.append("\\n");
+        case '\r' -> out.append("\\r");
+        case '\t' -> out.append("\\t");
+        default -> {
+          if (c < FIRST_PRINTABLE_ASCII) {
+            out.append(String.format("\\u%04x", (int) c));
+          } else {
+            out.append(c);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    out.append('"');
+  }
+}

src/main/java/com/retailsvc/http/internal/ProblemDetailRenderer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.retailsvc.http.internal;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+/**
+ * Built-in JSON writer for the {@code application/problem+json} (RFC 7807) wire shape. Keeps the
+ * exception and security paths free of any {@code TypeMapper}, so the library can emit problem
+ * responses without a JSON library on the classpath (and without record-accessor reflection that
+ * GraalVM Native Image would otherwise need configured).
+ *
+ * <p>Null-valued fields are omitted, matching the default Gson encoding the library historically
+ * produced.
+ */
+public final class ProblemDetailRenderer {
+
+  /** Initial capacity sized for a typical problem-detail document. */
+  private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 128;
+
+  private ProblemDetailRenderer() {}
+
+  public static byte[] renderJson(ProblemDetail pd) {
+    StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+    out.append('{');
+    boolean first = true;
+    first = appendString(out, first, "type", pd.type());
+    first = appendString(out, first, "title", pd.title());
+    first = appendInt(out, first, "status", pd.status());
+    first = appendString(out, first, "detail", pd.detail());
+    first = appendString(out, first, "pointer", pd.pointer());
+    appendString(out, first, "keyword", pd.keyword());
+    out.append('}');
+    return out.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean appendString(StringBuilder out, boolean first, String name, String value) {
+    if (value == null) {
+      return first;
+    }
+    if (!first) {
+      out.append(',');
+    }
+    out.append('"').append(name).append("\":");
+    JsonStrings.appendQuoted(out, value);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean appendInt(StringBuilder out, boolean first, String name, int value) {
+    if (!first) {
+      out.append(',');
+    }
+    out.append('"').append(name).append("\":").append(value);
+    return false;
+  }
+}

src/main/java/com/retailsvc/http/internal/SecurityFilter.java

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 import com.retailsvc.http.Request;
 import com.retailsvc.http.SchemeValidator;
-import com.retailsvc.http.TypeMapper;
 import com.retailsvc.http.spec.Operation;
 import com.retailsvc.http.spec.security.SecurityRequirement;
 import com.retailsvc.http.spec.security.SecurityScheme;
@@ -19,7 +18,6 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 public final class SecurityFilter extends Filter {
@@ -29,21 +27,18 @@ public final class SecurityFilter extends Filter {
   private final List<SecurityRequirement> rootSecurity;
   private final Map<String, SchemeValidator> validators;
   private final boolean externalAuth;
-  private final TypeMapper jsonMapper;
 
   public SecurityFilter(
       Map<String, Operation> operationsById,
       Map<String, SecurityScheme> schemes,
       List<SecurityRequirement> rootSecurity,
       Map<String, SchemeValidator> validators,
-      boolean externalAuth,
-      TypeMapper jsonMapper) {
+      boolean externalAuth) {
     this.operationsById = Map.copyOf(operationsById);
     this.schemes = Map.copyOf(schemes);
     this.rootSecurity = List.copyOf(rootSecurity);
     this.validators = Map.copyOf(validators);
     this.externalAuth = externalAuth;
-    this.jsonMapper = Objects.requireNonNull(jsonMapper, "jsonMapper must not be null");
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -125,7 +120,7 @@ private void renderRejection(HttpExchange exchange, List<GroupOutcome.Failed> fa
 
     ProblemDetail problemDetail =
         new ProblemDetail("about:blank", title, status, detail, null, null);
-    byte[] body = jsonMapper.writeTo(problemDetail);
+    byte[] body = ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(problemDetail);
     exchange.getResponseHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/problem+json");
     if (!anyDenied) {
       LinkedHashSet<String> attempted = new LinkedHashSet<>();

src/test/java/com/retailsvc/http/HandlersDefaultExceptionTest.java

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class HandlersDefaultExceptionTest {
   @Test
   void validationExceptionRendersProblemJson() {
     Response resp =
-        Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(JSON)
+        Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler()
             .handle(
                 new ValidationException(
                     new ValidationError("/x", "type", "expected string", null)));
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void validationExceptionRendersProblemJson() {
   @Test
   void badRequestExceptionRendersProblemJsonWithCustomStatus() {
     Response resp =
-        Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(JSON)
+        Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler()
             .handle(new BadRequestException(422, "email taken", "/email", "unique"));
 
     assertThat(resp.status()).isEqualTo(422);
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void badRequestExceptionRendersProblemJsonWithCustomStatus() {
 
   @Test
   void notFoundReturns404() {
-    Response resp = Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(JSON).handle(new NotFoundException("GET /x"));
+    Response resp = Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler().handle(new NotFoundException("GET /x"));
 
     assertThat(resp.status()).isEqualTo(404);
     assertThat(resp.body()).isNull();
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void notFoundReturns404() {
   @Test
   void methodNotAllowedReturns405WithAllowHeader() {
     Response resp =
-        Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(JSON)
+        Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler()
             .handle(new MethodNotAllowedException(Set.of(HttpMethod.GET, HttpMethod.POST)));
 
     assertThat(resp.status()).isEqualTo(405);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ void methodNotAllowedReturns405WithAllowHeader() {
 
   @Test
   void unknownExceptionReturns500() {
-    Response resp = Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler(JSON).handle(new RuntimeException("kaboom"));
+    Response resp = Handlers.defaultExceptionHandler().handle(new RuntimeException("kaboom"));
 
     assertThat(resp.status()).isEqualTo(500);
     assertThat(resp.body()).isNull();

src/test/java/com/retailsvc/http/internal/ProblemDetailRendererTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package com.retailsvc.http.internal;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class ProblemDetailRendererTest {
+
+  @Test
+  void rendersAllFieldsWhenPresent() {
+    ProblemDetail pd =
+        new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Bad Request", 400, "expected string", "/x", "type");
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Bad Request\",\"status\":400,"
+                + "\"detail\":\"expected string\",\"pointer\":\"/x\",\"keyword\":\"type\"}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void omitsNullPointerAndKeyword() {
+    ProblemDetail pd =
+        new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Unauthorized", 401, "missing token", null, null);
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Unauthorized\",\"status\":401,"
+                + "\"detail\":\"missing token\"}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void omitsNullDetail() {
+    ProblemDetail pd = new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Not Found", 404, null, null, null);
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo("{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Not Found\",\"status\":404}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void escapesQuoteAndBackslashInDetail() {
+    ProblemDetail pd = new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Bad Request", 400, "a\"b\\c", null, null);
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Bad Request\",\"status\":400,"
+                + "\"detail\":\"a\\\"b\\\\c\"}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void escapesNamedControlCharsInDetail() {
+    ProblemDetail pd =
+        new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Bad Request", 400, "\b\f\n\r\t", null, null);
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Bad Request\",\"status\":400,"
+                + "\"detail\":\"\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\"}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void escapesUnnamedControlCharsAsHexUnicode() {
+    ProblemDetail pd = new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Bad Request", 400, "
", null, null);
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Bad Request\",\"status\":400,"
+                + "\"detail\":\"\\u0001\\u001f\"}");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void passesThroughNonAsciiCharactersVerbatim() {
+    ProblemDetail pd = new ProblemDetail("about:blank", "Bad Request", 400, "café-é", null, null);
+    assertThat(asString(ProblemDetailRenderer.renderJson(pd)))
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "{\"type\":\"about:blank\",\"title\":\"Bad"
+                + " Request\",\"status\":400,\"detail\":\"café-é\"}");
+  }
+
+  private static String asString(byte[] bytes) {
+    return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+  }
+}