gh-106045: Fix venv path discovery for symlinked executables (GH-156483)

Use the resolved base executable when locating the base installation
instead of relying on the home directory in pyvenv.cfg.

Add tests covering relocated Python installations and misleading
standard-library landmarks near executable symlinks.
(cherry picked from commit e07817d)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan J. Helmus <jjhelmus@gmail.com>

Author: jjhelmus

Lib/test/test_getpath.py

@@ -407,6 +407,74 @@ def test_venv_changed_name_posix(self):
         actual = getpath(ns, expected)
         self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
 
+    def test_venv_relocated_base_installation_posix(self):
+        "Test a venv whose base installation was relocated from PREFIX."
+        ns = MockPosixNamespace(
+            argv0="/venv/bin/python",
+            PREFIX="/build/install",
+        )
+        ns.add_known_xfile("/relocated/bin/python3")
+        ns.add_known_xfile("/public/bin/python")
+        ns.add_known_link("/public/bin/python", "/relocated/bin/python3")
+        ns.add_known_xfile("/venv/bin/python")
+        ns.add_known_link("/venv/bin/python", "/public/bin/python")
+        ns.add_known_file("/relocated/lib/python9.8/os.py")
+        ns.add_known_dir("/relocated/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload")
+        ns.add_known_file("/venv/pyvenv.cfg", [
+            "home = /public/bin",
+        ])
+        expected = dict(
+            executable="/venv/bin/python",
+            prefix="/venv",
+            exec_prefix="/venv",
+            base_executable="/relocated/bin/python3",
+            base_prefix="/relocated",
+            base_exec_prefix="/relocated",
+            module_search_paths_set=1,
+            module_search_paths=[
+                "/relocated/lib/python98.zip",
+                "/relocated/lib/python9.8",
+                "/relocated/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload",
+            ],
+        )
+        actual = getpath(ns, expected)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+    def test_venv_symlink_with_misleading_landmarks_posix(self):
+        "Test that landmarks near an external symlink do effect resolution."
+        ns = MockPosixNamespace(
+            argv0="/venv/bin/python",
+            PREFIX="/opt/python",
+        )
+        ns.add_known_xfile("/opt/python/bin/python3")
+        ns.add_known_xfile("/public/bin/python")
+        ns.add_known_link("/public/bin/python", "/opt/python/bin/python3")
+        ns.add_known_xfile("/venv/bin/python")
+        ns.add_known_link("/venv/bin/python", "/public/bin/python")
+        ns.add_known_file("/opt/python/lib/python9.8/os.py")
+        ns.add_known_dir("/opt/python/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload")
+        ns.add_known_file("/public/lib/python9.8/os.py")
+        ns.add_known_dir("/public/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload")
+        ns.add_known_file("/venv/pyvenv.cfg", [
+            "home = /public/bin",
+        ])
+        expected = dict(
+            executable="/venv/bin/python",
+            prefix="/venv",
+            exec_prefix="/venv",
+            base_executable="/opt/python/bin/python3",
+            base_prefix="/opt/python",
+            base_exec_prefix="/opt/python",
+            module_search_paths_set=1,
+            module_search_paths=[
+                "/opt/python/lib/python98.zip",
+                "/opt/python/lib/python9.8",
+                "/opt/python/lib/python9.8/lib-dynload",
+            ],
+        )
+        actual = getpath(ns, expected)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
     def test_venv_non_installed_zip_path_posix(self):
         "Test a venv created from non-installed python has correct zip path."""
         ns = MockPosixNamespace(

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-08-27-17-26-21.gh-issue-106045.wzTH7f.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix standard library discovery in virtual environments created from a Python executable symlink located outside its base installation.

Modules/getpath.py

@@ -409,6 +409,10 @@ def search_up(prefix, *landmarks, test=isfile):
                             if isfile(candidate):
                                 base_executable = candidate
                                 break
+                if base_executable and isfile(base_executable):
+                    # Search relative to the resolved base executable rather
+                    # than the potentially external symlink in pyvenv.cfg.
+                    executable_dir = real_executable_dir = dirname(base_executable)
             # home key found; stop iterating over lines
             break