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Build/Test Tools: Run E2E specs in parallel and serial projects. - #14897

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adimoldovan:e2e/split-parallel-serial-projects
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adimoldovan:e2e/split-parallel-serial-projects

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@adimoldovan adimoldovan commented Oct 26, 2026 •

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Adds two Playwright projects so that CI can run part of the E2E suite in parallel. Today the whole suite runs on one worker, because @wordpress/scripts sets workers: 1.

  • parallel runs 10 spec files on several workers, one for every two CPU cores. Tests inside one file still run in order.
  • serial runs the other 14 spec files on one worker. These specs break the site for other tests or change content that other tests use. For example, install.test.js drops the database tables, and edit-posts.test.js deletes all posts.

A third project, all, is set as default and runs every spec on one worker as before. It is added for convenience, to keep the existing npm run test:e2e command running the whole suite.

The config sets workers: '50%', the Playwright default, to replace the workers: 1 from @wordpress/scripts.

In CI, parallel and serial run in separate matrix jobs.

Testing

  1. npm ci
  2. npm exec --no -- playwright install chromium
  3. npm run env:start && npm run env:install
  4. npm run test:e2e -- --list lists 101 tests in 24 files, all in the all project.
  5. npm run test:e2e -- --project=serial --list lists 72 tests in 14 files.
  6. npm run test:e2e -- --project=parallel --list lists 29 tests in the other 10 files.
  7. npm run test:e2e -- --project=parallel, then npm run test:e2e -- --project=serial

Trac ticket: TBD

Use of AI Tools

AI assistance: Yes
Tool(s): Claude Code
Model(s): Claude Opus 5.5
Used for: Config, scripts, workflow change, test runs and this description. I reviewed the result.


This Pull Request is for code review only. Please keep all other discussion in the Trac ticket. Do not merge this Pull Request. See GitHub Pull Requests for Code Review in the Core Handbook for more details.

The E2E suite runs on one worker. Split it into two Playwright projects:

- `parallel` runs 15 spec files on several workers.
- `serial` runs the 6 specs that break the site for other tests, on one worker.

Each project has its own npm script. CI runs each project in a separate matrix job, so a failure in one project does not hide the results of the other.
@adimoldovan adimoldovan self-assigned this Oct 26, 2026
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Test using WordPress Playground

The changes in this pull request can previewed and tested using a WordPress Playground instance.

WordPress Playground is an experimental project that creates a full WordPress instance entirely within the browser.

Some things to be aware of

  • All changes will be lost when closing a tab with a Playground instance.
  • All changes will be lost when refreshing the page.
  • A fresh instance is created each time the link below is clicked.
  • Every time this pull request is updated, a new ZIP file containing all changes is created. If changes are not reflected in the Playground instance,
    it's possible that the most recent build failed, or has not completed. Check the list of workflow runs to be sure.

For more details about these limitations and more, check out the Limitations page in the WordPress Playground documentation.

Test this pull request with WordPress Playground.

The base config from `@wordpress/scripts` sets `workers: 1` for the whole run, so the `parallel` project ran on one worker. Set `workers: '50%'` at the top level. This is the Playwright default.

Move the 7 specs that delete all posts or media to `serial`. On several workers, they delete content that tests on other workers use.
… project.

Add an `all` project that runs every spec on one worker. It is the only default project, so `npm run test:e2e` runs the whole suite serially, as before.

Set `default: false` on `parallel` and `serial`, which needs Playwright 1.64. CI selects them with `--project`, so the two npm scripts are no longer needed.

Move `themes.test.js` to `serial`, because it changes the active theme for the whole site.
Release branches call the `trunk` copy of the reusable E2E workflow, and their Playwright configs have no `parallel` or `serial` project. Add a `test-group` input to the reusable workflow. When it is empty, the workflow runs `npm run test:e2e` as before. `end-to-end-tests.yml` sets it from its own matrix.

Document `--shuffle` in the E2E README as a check for new specs.
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