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Improve the public type hints - #470
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Check name Status Explanation Description Check Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled. Title check The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: updates to the public type hints and related typing support. Linked Issues check Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request. Out of Scope Changes check Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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Actionable comments posted: 1
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @maxminddb/types.py:
- Line 31: Remove int from the DatabaseSource alias because Mode.FD requires a
readable object, and update the file-descriptor wording in open_database’s
documentation to describe the supported input accurately.
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HISTORY.rstdocs/index.rstextension/maxminddb.cmaxminddb/__init__.pymaxminddb/extension.pyimaxminddb/file.pymaxminddb/reader.pymaxminddb/types.pytests/reader_test.pytests/typing_test.py
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| """Return the remaining bytes.""" | ||
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| DatabaseSource: TypeAlias = StrOrBytesPath | int | SupportsRead |
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🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win
Remove int from DatabaseSource or support integer descriptors.
open_database(3, Mode.FD) satisfies this new public type alias. MODE_FD selects the pure Python reader, which calls database.read() and raises AttributeError for an integer. If MODE_FD requires a readable object, remove int from the alias and correct the file-descriptor wording in maxminddb/__init__.py.
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Review comment at @maxminddb/types.py at line 31:
Remove int from the DatabaseSource alias because Mode.FD requires a readable
object, and update the file-descriptor wording in open_database’s documentation
to describe the supported input accurately.
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Agent reply on behalf of @oschwald.
Not changed. int was already in this union before this PR. An integer descriptor works with MODE_MMAP, MODE_FILE and MODE_MEMORY, because open() accepts one, so removing int would reject code that works. #471 (c02aefd) fixes the docstrings that call the MODE_FD argument a file descriptor. bd2e9cc in #471 makes the default mode raise a TypeError that suggests MODE_MMAP for a descriptor when the C extension is installed.
maxminddb.decoder does not export InvalidDatabaseError. It only imports it. mypy --strict reports the import as an implicit re-export. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Since 3.0.0, the README has said that the modes are available from maxminddb.Mode. maxminddb did not import Mode, so that attribute raised AttributeError. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
GitHub #464 replaced the AnyStr TypeVar in Primitive with str | bytes. Primitive and Record are no longer generic aliases, so a subscript such as Record[str] now raises TypeError. HISTORY.rst did not mention the change. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The C extension decodes the MaxMind DB bytes type to bytearray. The pure Python reader decodes it to bytes. MODE_AUTO uses the extension when it is available, so most callers get bytearray. mypy does not treat bytearray as bytes, so it reported an isinstance(value, bytearray) check as unreachable. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
__iter__ and _generate_children returned a bare Iterator, so strict type checkers inferred Unknown for the network and record of each item. The extension stub already declares the item type. Use the same type. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Both __exit__ methods left their arguments untyped and suppressed the ruff warning. Strict type checkers report the missing annotation. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
hasattr() never causes an attr-defined error. mypy --strict reports the ignore as unused. The ignore on the os.pread() call stays because Windows has no os.pread. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
open_database(), Reader.__init__, Reader._load and Reader._load_buffer each spelled out the database argument union. A change to the accepted types had to edit every copy, and nothing caught a missed one. Define StrOrBytesPath and DatabaseSource in maxminddb.types and use them. The extension stub accepts different types, so it keeps its own annotation. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The extension parses the database argument with PyUnicode_FSConverter, so it accepts only str, bytes and os.PathLike. The stub also accepted int and IO[bytes], which raise TypeError. The extension does not support MODE_FD, so the docstring was wrong too. open_database() passes any database argument to the extension in MODE_AUTO and MODE_MMAP_EXT. The narrower stub shows that mismatch. Keep the runtime behavior and explain the type: ignore. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
MODE_FD calls only database.read() and reads database.name when it exists. IO[bytes] requires much more, so a GzipFile and other binary readers did not type-check, although they work at runtime. Accept any object with a read() method that returns bytes. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The release notes point users to the type aliases in maxminddb.types, such as Record, DatabaseSource and SupportsRead, but the API docs did not include that module. Add it. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
No test checked the public types, and non-strict mypy accepts a bare generic alias with no error. A TypeVar back in Primitive, a bare Iterator, or a wider stub would pass CI. mypy already checks tests/ in the lint environment. Add assert_type checks under TYPE_CHECKING, so the file costs nothing at runtime. The file enables warn-unused-ignores, so each type: ignore asserts that a call fails the type check. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
GitHub #464 replaced the AnyStr TypeVar in Primitive with str | bytes. Primitive and Record are no longer generic, so Record[str] raised TypeError at runtime. 3.2.0 accepted it, so code such as cast(Record[str], x), or an annotation on Python before 3.14 without postponed evaluation, failed at import. Keep the concrete alias for type checkers, and use AnyStr only at runtime. Type checkers still reject the subscript. Sphinx documents the runtime value, so the docs give the static types explicitly. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Looks good, with feedback from Claude!
| else: | ||
| # Through AnyStr, a subscript such as Record[str] works at runtime, as in | ||
| # 3.2.0. Type checkers reject the subscript. | ||
| Primitive: TypeAlias = AnyStr | bytes | bytearray | bool | float | int |
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The TYPE_CHECKING split makes the static Primitive and the runtime Primitive different. mypy accepts isinstance(v, Primitive) and narrows v on it. At runtime, Primitive is a typing.Union that contains AnyStr, so the same call raises an error:
TypeError: isinstance() arg 2 must be a type, a tuple of types, or a union
On main, Primitive was str | bytes | bool | float | int (a types.UnionType), and this isinstance call worked. Thus this change can break user code that passes mypy --strict.
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
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Agent reply on behalf of @oschwald.
Not changed. 3.2.0 also raised TypeError for isinstance(v, Primitive), because Primitive contained AnyStr. Only unreleased main accepts it. A runtime union cannot both take a subscript and work with isinstance, so we keep the subscript, which worked in a release. Our rule is that runtime code that worked in a release must keep working. A static break is fine when the old static behavior was wrong. ENG-5623 removes the runtime AnyStr in the next major version, and isinstance then works.
| Primitive: TypeAlias = str | bytes | bytearray | bool | float | int | ||
| """Primitive is a type for a scalar value in a database record.""" | ||
| else: | ||
| # Through AnyStr, a subscript such as Record[str] works at runtime, as in |
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This comment says that the runtime subscript works "as in 3.2.0", but the meaning changed. In 3.2.0, Primitive was AnyStr | bool | float | int, so Record[str] did not include bytes. Now Record[str] also includes bytes and bytearray.
A runtime validator that uses the subscript (for example, a pydantic field annotated Record[str]) rejected bytes values in 3.2.0 and now accepts them.
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
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| """Return the remaining bytes.""" | ||
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| DatabaseSource: TypeAlias = StrOrBytesPath | int | SupportsRead |
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DatabaseSource includes int for every mode, but MODE_FD calls database.read(). An int file descriptor passes the type check and then fails at runtime:
maxminddb.open_database(fd, maxminddb.Mode.FD) # fd is an int
# AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'read' (reader.py:373)The README and the docstrings tell users to pass a file descriptor here. A str path with Mode.FD fails in the same way.
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
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| return cast("Reader", _extension.Reader(database, mode)) | ||
| # implementation.) The extension accepts only a path. It raises TypeError | ||
| # for a file descriptor or a file object. | ||
| return cast("Reader", _extension.Reader(database, mode)) # type: ignore[arg-type] |
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This # type: ignore[arg-type] hides a real mismatch. Every mode accepts the same DatabaseSource union, but each mode can use only some of its members. For example, this passes the type check with the default MODE_AUTO:
maxminddb.open_database(gzip.open(p))With the extension installed, it raises TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not GzipFile. Without the extension, open(fileobj) raises TypeError at reader.py:358.
Overloads on open_database and Reader that use the mode (a file object only for Mode.FD, a path for the other modes) would fix the cause and remove this ignore. typing_test.py tests only Mode.FD, so the static tests cannot catch this.
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
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Agent reply on behalf of @oschwald.
505bab3 in #471 makes MODE_AUTO read a file object as MODE_FD does, so open_database(gzip.open(p)) works, and it removes this ignore. The PR description explains why overloads are not included: geoip2 passes mode: int to open_database(), so they would break its type checks.
| def __init__( | ||
| self, | ||
| database: str | bytes | int | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes] | IO[bytes], | ||
| database: DatabaseSource, |
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The docstrings still say that MODE_FD takes a "file descriptor". This contradicts the new SupportsRead type and the HISTORY entry. The locations are:
reader.py:67andreader.py:73__init__.py:51and__init__.py:57const.py:28README.rst:42,50,55and56
The PR fixed only the docstring in the extension stub. A user who follows the open_database docstring and passes os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY) with MODE_FD gets AttributeError on .read(). The reader needs a binary file object, not a descriptor.
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
| def _load_buffer( | ||
| self, | ||
| database: str | bytes | int | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes] | IO[bytes], | ||
| database: DatabaseSource, |
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The commit "Remove an unneeded type: ignore" removed only one of the unused ignores. Two more ignores in _load_buffer are unused on all platforms:
reader.py:374:len(self._buffer) # type: ignore[arg-type]reader.py:377:database.name # type: ignore[union-attr]
mypy --warn-unused-ignores maxminddb reports Unused "type: ignore" comment on both lines, also with --platform win32. These ignores can hide a real error on these lines in the future. (The ignore at file.py:58 must stay, because Windows needs it.)
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
| database: str | bytes | int | PathLike[str] | PathLike[bytes] | IO[bytes], | ||
| database: DatabaseSource, | ||
| mode: int = MODE_AUTO, | ||
| ) -> str: |
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_load_buffer now takes DatabaseSource, but it still declares -> str. It returns filename: Any. For the path modes, this is the raw database value, which can be bytes, a PathLike or an int.
mypy --strict reports Returning Any from function declared to return "str" at reader.py:390. Callers use the return value as a str, but it is not always a str.
🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
| type checkers see. | ||
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| .. autodata:: maxminddb.types.Primitive | ||
| :annotation: = str | bytes | bytearray | bool | float | int |
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The list of Primitive members now exists in three places, and you must keep them the same by hand:
types.py:9(theTYPE_CHECKINGbranch)types.py:14(the runtime branch)- this
:annotation:
If a future change adds a type to only one of them, type checkers, the runtime alias and the docs show three different types, and no test catches it. One definition plus a runtime override removes two of the copies:
Primitive: TypeAlias = str | bytes | bytearray | bool | float | int
if not TYPE_CHECKING:
Primitive = AnyStr | Primitive🤖 Comment by Claude Opus 5.5.
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Agent reply on behalf of @oschwald.
Partly. After 85711f7, the runtime branch is the frozen 3.2.0 definition, not a copy of the static alias, so it must not follow changes to it. The suggested AnyStr | Primitive would put bytes back into Record[str] at runtime. The docs :annotation: stays the one copy. ENG-5623 removes it together with the split.
The runtime Primitive was AnyStr | bytes | bytearray | bool | float | int, so Record[str] included bytes and bytearray. In 3.2.0, it did not. A runtime validator that uses the subscript, such as a pydantic field annotated Record[str], rejected bytes in 3.2.0 and accepted them here. Use the 3.2.0 definition at runtime, and test the subscript's arguments. Type checkers still see the concrete alias. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Improves the public type hints.
Primitiveincludesbytearray, which the C extension returns for the bytes type.Reader.__iter__declares its item type, and both__exit__methods annotate their arguments.maxminddb.Modeis exported, as the README has said since 3.0.0.maxminddb.typesaddsStrOrBytesPath,DatabaseSourceandSupportsRead, which replace repeated unions.MODE_FDaccepts any object whoseread()returnsbytes, such as aGzipFile.Readerstub accepts only a path, as the extension does.tests/typing_test.pyaddsassert_typechecks, which mypy runs in the lint environment.strict_bytesis on, so mypy 1 also checksbytearray.maxminddb.types.Record[str]andPrimitive[str]work at runtime again, as in 3.2.0. Make Record and database parameter types concrete #464 made them raiseTypeError, so acast(Record[str], x), or such an annotation before Python 3.14, failed at import. Type checkers still reject the subscript. ENG-5623 tracks removing the runtimeAnyStrin the next major version.Overloads that tie each argument type to a mode are not included. geoip2 passes
mode: intthrough toopen_database(), so they would break its type checks.STF-1960
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Summary by CodeRabbit
Documentation
New Features
Modefrom the top-level package.bytearrayamong supported record values.Bug Fixes